UKRAINIAN
Astronomical School’s Report, 2014, Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 6–19
The study Earth-like planets using spacecraft
Vidmachenko A.P., Morozhenko O.V.
Abstract
The Solar system consists of the Sun, large (classical), dwarf, small planets and their satellites, comets, meteoroids, small meteoritic particles and dust grains. The eight classical planets are divided into terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) and giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune). The main components of the Earth-like planets atmospheres are nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The formation of the terrestrial planets' traced in some detail, calculated the distance between the planets, their mass, orbital period around the Sun, the inclination of the axis satisfactorily agree with observational data. Terrestrial planets have much in common: small size and weight, the average density is several times greater than the density of water, slow rotation around its axis, few satellites or lack thereof, hard surface and so on. There are volcanoes on Venus, Earth and Mars, and in the surface layers of all four planets more or less traces of tectonic activity (mountain building processes) and intense meteorite bombardment as one of the main factors of the Mars and Mercury surface formation. On Earth meteor crater almost completely obliterated by tectonic and erosional processes while they survived much better on Venus.
Keywords: Earth-like planets; internal structure of planets; spacecraft
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